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 |  موضوع: كتاب Analysis of Machine Elements Using SOLIDWORKS Simulation 2023 الخميس 14 مارس 2024, 1:42 am | |
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أخواني في الله
أحضرت لكم كتاب
Analysis of Machine Elements Using SOLIDWORKS Simulation 2023
Shahin S. Nudehi, Ph.D., P.E., John R. Steffen, Ph.D., P.E.
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Table of Contents
Table of Contents i
Preface xi
Intended Audience for this Text xi
Using this SOLIDWORKS Simulation User Guide xi
Instructor’s Preface xiii
Introduction
Finite Element Analysis I-1
Nodes, Elements, Degrees of Freedom, and Equations I-2
SOLIDWORKS Simulation Elements I-3
Solid Elements I-3
Solid Element Degrees of Freedom I-4
Shell Elements I-5
Shell Elements Degrees of Freedom I-6
Beam and Truss Elements I-6
Meshing a Model I-7
Stress Calculations for Nodes and Elements I-8
Nodal Stress Values I-9
Element Stress Values I-10
Assumptions Applied to Linear Static Finite Element Analysis I-11
Static Loading I-11
Linear Material Behavior I-11
Small Deformations I-12
Closing Comments I-12
Introduction to the SOLIDWORKS Simulation User Interface I-13
Orientation and Set-up of SOLIDWORKS Work Environment I-13
Customizing the SOLIDWORKS Screen I-16
Orientation to the SOLIDWORKS Simulation Work Environment I-20
Property Managers and Dialogue Boxes I-23
Cautions and Other Facts You Should Know I-25
Chapter 1
Stress Analysis Using SOLIDWORKS Simulation
Learning Objectives 1-1
Problem Statement 1-1
Creating a Static Stress Analysis (Study) 1-3
Assigning Material to the Model 1-6
Applying Fixtures 1-7
Applying External Loads 1-9Analysis of Machine Elements Using SOLIDWORKS Simulation
ii
Meshing the Model 1-12
Running the Solution 1-14
Examination of Results 1-15
Understanding Default Graphical Results 1-15
Results Predicted by Classical Stress Equations 1-17
Simulation Results for Stress in Y-Direction 1-19
Using the Probe Tool 1-21
Customizing Graphs 1-28
Summary 1-31
To SAVE or Not to SAVE Files, That is the Question? 1-31
Option 1 - Close a File and SAVE its Contents Using the Original File Name 1-32
Option 2 - Close a File and SAVE its Contents Using a Different File Name 1-32
Option 3 - Close a File without Saving Results 1-33
Option 4 - Re-open a SOLIDWORKS Simulation File Saved Using Option 1
or Option 2 1-33
Exercises 1-35
Chapter 2
Curved Beam Analysis
Learning Objectives 2-1
Problem Statement 2-1
Creating a Static Analysis (Study) 2-2
Setting up the Simulation Toolbar 2-3
Assign Material Properties to the Model 2-5
Applying Fixtures 2-6
Applying External Load(s) 2-8
Inserting Split Lines 2-9
Applying Force to an Area Bounded by Split Lines 2-12
Meshing the Model 2-13
Solution 2-15
Examination of Results 2-16
Analysis of von Mises Stresses Within the Model 2-16
Verification of Results 2-19
Results Predicted by Classical Stress Equations 2-19
Comparison with Finite Element Results 2-21
Assessing Safety Factor 2-25
Alternate Stress Display Option 2-31
Determining Reaction Forces 2-32
Is it Significant That the Model is NOT in Equilibrium? 2-33
Soft Springs Can Be Applied Where Other Restraints are not Appropriate 2-34
Important Caution Regarding Strength and Safety Factor 2-35
Logging Out of the Current Analysis 2-35
Exercises 2-36Table of Contents
iii
Chapter 3
Stress Concentration Analysis
Learning Objectives 3-1
Problem Statement 3-1
Create a Static Analysis (Study) 3-2
Defeaturing the Model 3-3
Assign Material Properties to the Model 3-4
Apply Fixtures and External Loads 3-4
Mesh the Model 3-6
Solution 3-8
Examination of Results 3-8
Stress Plots 3-8
Creating a “Copy” of a Plot 3-12
Displacement Plot 3-14
Creating New Studies 3-17
Basic Parts of the Graphical User Interface 3-17
Study Using High Quality Elements and COARSE Mesh Size 3-18
Study Using High Quality Elements and DEFAULT Mesh Size 3-23
Study Using High Quality Elements and FINE Mesh Size 3-24
Study Using High Quality Elements and MESH CONTROL 3-25
Summary 3-29
Results Analysis 3-30
Create Multiple Viewports 3-30
What Can Be Learned from this Example? 3-33
Other Uses of the Copy Feature 3-33
Analysis Insight - Solution Convergence 3-33
Comparison of Classical and FEA Results 3-36
Logging Out of the Current Analysis 3-37
Exercises 3-38
Chapter 4
Thin and Thick Wall Pressure Vessels
Learning Objectives 4-1
Thin-Wall Pressure Vessel (Using Shell Elements) 4-1
Problem Statement 4-1
Understanding System Default Settings 4-4
Creating a Static Analysis Using Shell Elements 4-10
Converting a Solid Model to a Shell Model 4-11
Open a New Simulation Study 4-15
Assign Material Properties 4-15
Define Shell Thickness 4-15
Assign Fixtures and External Loads 4-16
Restraints Applied Using Reference Geometry 4-16Analysis of Machine Elements Using SOLIDWORKS Simulation
iv
Pressure Load Applied 4-20
Mesh the Model 4-21
Solution 4-23
Results Analysis 4-23
Results Comparison (Tangential Stress = σ1 on Cylindrical Surface) 4-25
Other Meaningful Results Comparisons 4-27
Guidance for Determining Symmetry Fixtures 4-27
Application of Symmetry Fixtures 4-29
Closing Observations 4-30
Log Out of the Current Analysis 4-31
Thick Wall Pressure Vessel 4-32
Problem Statement 4-32
Defining the Study 4-33
Assign Material Properties 4-34
Define Fixtures and External Loads 4-34
Create a Duplicate Study 4-37
Mesh the Model – Default Size Standard Mesh 4-37
Mesh the Model – Fine Size Standard Mesh 4-38
Solution 4-40
Results Analysis 4-40
Displacement Analysis 4-40
von Mises Stress Analysis 4-42
Tangential Stress Analysis 4-42
Adjusting Stress Magnitude Display Parameters 4-45
Using Section Clipping to Observe Stress Results 4-48
Thick Wall Pressure Vessel (Axisymmetrical Approach) 4-52
Problem Statement 4-52
Thick-Wall Pressure Vessel 4-52
Create a Static Analysis (Study) 4-53
Assign Material Properties 4-54
Define Fixtures and External Loads 4-54
Mesh the Model – Standard Size Standard Mesh 4-55
Solution 4-56
Results Analysis 4-56
Exercises 4-59
Chapter 5
Interference Fit Analysis
Learning Objectives 5-1
Problem Statement 5-1
Interference Check 5-2
Create a Static Analysis (Study) 5-3
Assign Material Properties to the Model 5-4Table of Contents
v
SOLIDWORKS Default Connection Definition 5-4
Defeature and Simplify the Model 5-5
Apply Fixtures 5-6
Reduce Model Size Using Symmetry 5-6
Define Symmetry Restraints (Fixtures) 5-7
Apply Fixtures to Eliminate Rigid Body Motion 5-9
Use Contact Sets to Define a Shrink Fit 5-11
Mesh the Model and Run the Solution 5-14
Examination of Results 5-15
Default Stress Plot 5-15
Stress Plots in a Cylindrical Coordinate System 5-18
Tangential (Circumferential or Hoop) Stress 5-18
Radial Stress 5-21
Verification of Results 5-23
Stress Predicted by Classical Interference Fit Equations 5-23
Stress Predicted by Finite Element Analysis 5-24
Radial Stress Comparison 5-24
Tangential Stress Comparison 5-26
Quantifying Radial Displacements 5-27
Generating a Report 5-30
Exercises 5-32
Chapter 6
Contact Analysis
Learning Objectives 6-1
Problem Statement 6-1
Preparing the Model for Analysis 6-2
Add Reference Planes 6-3
Insert Split Lines 6-4
Create the Assembly Model 6-5
Cut Model on Symmetry Plane 6-10
Create a Finite Element Analysis (Study) 6-13
Assign Material Properties 6-13
Assign Fixtures and External Loads 6-13
Symmetry and Immovable Restraints 6-13
Connections Define Contact Conditions 6-14
Apply a Directional Load 6-16
Mesh the Model and Run the Solution 6-19
Results Analysis 6-19
Von Mises Stress 6-19
Iso Clipping 6-20
Animating Stress Results 6-22
Displacement Results 6-23
Contact Pressure/Stress 6-24
Exercises 6-26Analysis of Machine Elements Using SOLIDWORKS Simulation
vi
Chapter 7
Bolted Joint Analysis
Learning Objectives 7-1
Problem Statement 7-1
Create a Static Analysis (Study) 7-2
Assign Material Properties to the Model 7-2
Apply External Loads and Fixtures 7-3
Traditional Loads and Fixtures 7-3
Define Bolted Joint Restraints 7-4
Define Local Contact Conditions 7-11
Mesh the Model and Run Solution 7-13
Results Analysis for the Downward External Load 7-16
von Mises Stress 7-16
Bolt Forces (for Downward Load) 7-18
Define a New Study with the Applied Force Acting Upward 7-19
Results Analysis for the Upward External Load 7-20
von Mises Stress 7-20
Bolt Forces (for Upward Load) 7-23
Bolt Clamping Pressure 7-26
Summary 7-30
Exercises 7-31
Chapter 8
Design Optimization
Learning Objectives 8-1
Problem Statement 8-1
Complete and Run the Initial Study 8-2
Creating an Optimization Design Study 8-6
Understanding Optimization Design Terminology 8-7
Selecting and Specifying Design Parameters (Variables) 8-9
Define Constraints and their Sensors 8-14
Define the Stress Constraint and Sensor 8-14
Define the Displacement Constraint and Sensor 8-15
Define a Goal and its Sensor 8-17
Overview of Results 8-18
General Observations 8-19
Local Trend Graphs 8-20
Local Trend Graph of the Design Goal versus a Design Variable 8-20
Local Trend Graph of a Constraint versus a Design Variable 8-21
Closing Observations 8-23
Exercises 8-25Table of Contents
vii
Chapter 9
Elastic Buckling
Learning Objectives 9-1
Problem Statement 9-1
Opening SOLIDWORKS 9-2
Create a Buckling Analysis (Fixed-Free End Conditions) 9-2
Assign Material Properties to the Model 9-2
Assign Fixed-Free Fixture End Conditions to the Model 9-3
External Loads 9-3
Buckling Analysis Options 9-4
Meshing the Model 9-4
Solution 9-5
Examination of Results 9-6
Buckling Mode Shapes (Optional) 9-7
Validity of Elastic Buckling Simulation 9-10
Create a Buckling Analysis Using Fixed-Fixed End Conditions 9-11
Assign Material Properties to the Model 9-11
Prepare the Model for Assignment of Fixed-Fixed End Conditions 9-12
Assign Fixed-Fixed Fixture to Top End of Model 9-13
External Loads 9-14
Buckling Analysis Options 9-15
Meshing and Running the Model 9-16
Examination of Results 9-17
Validity of Elastic Buckling Simulation 9-17
Create a Buckling Analysis Using Pinned-Pinned End Conditions 9-19
Assign Material Properties to the Model 9-19
Prepare the Model for Assignment of Pinned-Pinned End Conditions 9-19
Pinned-Pinned Fixture 9-20
External Loads 9-22
Meshing and Running the Model 9-22
Examination of Results 9-23
Buckling Mode Shapes 9-24
Validity of Elastic Buckling Simulation 9-25
Create a Buckling Analysis assuming an Eccentrically Loaded Pin with
Pinned-Pinned End Conditions 9-26
Pinned-Pinned Fixture 9-27
External Loads 9-28
Meshing and Running the Model 9-29
Examination of Results 9-29
Summary 9-31
Exercises 9-32Analysis of Machine Elements Using SOLIDWORKS Simulation
viii
Chapter 10
Fatigue Testing Analysis
Learning Objectives 10-1
Problem-1: Fatigue Analysis of a Cylindrical Rod Subject to Reversed Bending 10-1
Creating a Static Analysis (Study) 10-2
Assign Material Properties to the Model 10-2
Applying Fixtures and External Loads 10-3
Meshing the Model 10-4
Static Solution 10-5
Fatigue Study 10-5
Add Event 10-5
Generating the SN-Curve 10-6
Navigating the SN-Curve Calculator 10-7
Setting Fatigue Study Parameters 10-10
Fatigue Study Solution 10-11
Verification of Results 10-12
Problem-2: Fatigue Analysis of a Cylinder Subject to a Combined Loading 10-15
Duplicating the Static Analysis (Study) and Fatigue Studies 10-15
Modifying External Load(s) 10-16
Modifying Fatigue Study Parameters 10-17
Edit Fatigue Event 10-17
Setting Fatigue Study Parameters 10-17
Modifying the SN-Curve 10-18
Fatigue Study Solution 10-20
Verification of Results 10-21
Exercises 10-23
Chapter 11
Thermal Stress Analysis
Learning Objectives 11-1
Problem Statement 11-1
Static Analysis 11-2
Material Properties Applied to the Model 11-2
Assign Connection in the Model 11-3
Assign Fixtures to the Model 11-4
External Loads (Method-1) 11-4
External Loads (Method-2) 11-6
Material Properties Applied to the Model 11-6
Applying Thermal Loads for Uniform Temperature 11-6
Solve the Thermal Study and Apply the Solution 11-8
Apply Mesh for Thermal Study 11-10
Reference Temperature at Zero Strain 11-10
Examination of Results 11-11
Default Stress Plot 11-11
Stress Plots in a Cylindrical Coordinate System 11-12Table of Contents
ix
Validation of Radial Stress Results 11-16
Validation of Axial Displacement Results 11-17
Exercises 11-18
APPENDIX A
Organizing Assignments Using MS Word A-1
APPENDIX B
Alternative Method to Change Screen Background Color B-1
INDEX Index-I
INDEX
AA
nimating Results, 6-22, 7-25
Assembling parts, 6-5
Assumptions for FEA, I-11
Axis, reference axis, 5-19
BB
eam elements, I-6
Bonded, (see Contact/Gap)
Bolt
pin/bolt force table, 7-18, 7-23
preload, 7-8
shear force, 7-24, 7-26
torque, I-24, 7-10
Buckling, 9-1
CC
am Follower Example, 1-1
Centrifugal Force, 3-42, 5-40
Circumferential Stress, 4-2, 4-32, 5-20
Clipping
iso clipping, 6-20
section clipping, 4-48
Connector
bolt, 7-5
pin/bolt force, 7-18, 7-23
Constraint
defined, 8-8
applied, 8-14 to 8-16
Contact/Gap
automatically find contact sets, 7-31
bonded, 5-13
contact set, 5-12
define contact set, 5-11, 7-11
find contact sets, 7-31
shrink fit, 5-11
no penetration, 6-15, 7-12
(see also sparse solver)
Contact Pressure
between surfaces, 6-24
due to bolts, 7-26 & fwd.
Contact Set, (see Contact/Gap)
Convergence Check, 3-33 & fwd.
Copy
copy a plot, 3-12, 5-19, 5-21, 5-22
copy a study item, 3-17
copy multiple study items, 3-17, 4-37
Cosmetic Threads, 6-27
Curved Beam Example, 2-1
Custom Material Specification, 2-43, 3-42
Customize Work Environment, I-16
Cylindrical Coordinate System, 5-18 to 5-
20
defined, 5-18 & fwd
displayed, 5-20
DD
efeaturing, I-8, 3-3, 5-5
Degrees of Freedom, I-2
definition, I-3
shell element, I-5
solid element, I-4
Design Optimization (see Optimization)
Dialogue boxes, I-23
Displacement Plot, 3-14 & fwd.
Draft Quality Elements, I-3, 3-20
Duplicate a Study, 3-17, 4-37, 7-19
EE
lastic Buckling, 9-1
Elements, overview I-1 to I-6
Element Stress, I-10
Elements, Shell
create, 4-11 & fwd
criteria for use, 4-3
definition, I-5
degrees of freedom, I-6
draft quality, I-4
flip shell elements, 4-23 & fwd.
high quality, I-4
Elements, Solid
definition tetrahedral, I-3
degrees of freedom, I-4
draft quality, I-3
first order, I-3
high quality, I-4
second order, I-4
Error / Warning, 3-28, 7-15
Exploded View
bolt joint, 7-11, 7-31Analysis of Machine Elements Using SOLIDWORKS Simulation
Index-2
collapse, 5-14
contact/gap, 6-15
force fit, 5-3, 5-11
define local contact, 7-11
External Loads
apply to split line, 1-9 to 1-11
normal force, 3-5, 7-4
pressure, 4-20
force application, 1-9
specify direction, 1-9, 1-10, 2-12, 6-16
FF
actor of Safety
introduced, 2-25
failure criterion, 2-26
plots, 2-28 & fwd.
Fatigue Analysis, 10-1
Files
close without save, 1-33, 4-31, 4-51
open new file, 1-3, 2-2, 3-2, 4-4, 5-2,
6-2, 7-2, 8-2
Close and save, 1-32 & fwd.
Fixtures (aka Restraint)
application, 1-7, 2-6, 3-5, 4-16, 4-29,
6-13, 7-3
property manager, 1-7, 2-7
symbols defined, 4-20
Fixture Type
bolt connector with nut, 7-6
immovable, 1-8, 2-8, 3-5, 4-35, 6-13,
7-3
fixed, 1-7, 4-20
fixed hinge, 2-43 & fwd.
reference geometry, 4-17, 4-19
rigid body motion, 4-21, 5-9
symmetry restraint, 4-17, 4-29, 5-7, 6-
13, 6-32
symmetry on shell, 4-11, 4-27 & fwd.,
4-29
Fixed-Free, 9-3
Fixed-Fixed, 9-13
Pinned-Pinned, 9-20
Force Fit, (see Shrink Fit)
Friction, 5-13, 7-12
Friction factor bolts, 7-10
GG
auss points, I-9
Goal
design goal defined, 8-8
design goal applied, 8-17
Goodman Line, 10-17
HH
igh Quality Elements, I-4
Hinge Joint, 2-42, 2-43
II
nterference Check, 5-2
Interference Fit, (see Shrink Fit)
Iso Clipping (See Clipping), 6-20
LL
ist Selected, 5-25
average stress value, 5-26
radial displacement, 5-28
Load (see External Loads)
Local Trend Graph, 8-20 & fwd.
MM
aterial Properties
from library, 1-6, 2-5, 3-4, 4-15, 4-34,
5-4, 6-13, 7-2
custom definition for bolt, 7-8
custom material (define), 2-42 & fwd.,
3-42, 5-46 & fwd.
Mates, 6-7
Mesh, I-5
adjust mesh size, 3-17, 3-18, 3-22
details, 1-13, 2-14
draft quality, I-3, I-4, 3-7
hide, show mesh, 1-14
high quality, I-4
property manager, 1-12, 2-13, 3-6
mesh control, 3-25 & fwd., 6-32
Ratio: a/b, 3-27
mesh size, 1-12, 3-18, 3-20, 3-22, 4-38,
4-39
Meshing the Model
shell element, 4-21
solid elements, 1-12, 2-14, 3-34, 4-38
& fwd., 5-45, 6-19, 7-13
Mid-side node, I-4
Mode Shape, 9-7, 9-24
NN
odes, I-3, I-4Index
Index-3
Nodal Stress, I-9
No Penetration (see Contact / Gap)
OOp
timization
terminology/definitions, 8-7, 8-8
design study (creating), 8-9 & fwd.
specify design parameters, 8-9 & fwd.
Run an optimization study, 8-18
PPi
n/Bolt/Bearing Force, 7-18, 7-23
Plot
copy, 3-12, 5-19
default plot settings, 4-8
multiple viewports, 3-30
Point, (see Reference Geometry)
Preload, (see bolt)
Pressure, 4-20, 4-37
Probe, 1-21, 4-25, 4-26, 4-46 & fwd.
Property Manager, I-23
RRa
dial Stress, 5-21
Range (continuous), 8-13
Range with Step/Discrete, 8-12
Reaction Forces, 2-32
Reference Geometry, 2-9, 4-17
coordinate system, 7-39 & fwd.
offset distance, 2-10
plane, 2-9
point, 7-40
Remote Load/Mass, 2-48 & fwd., 7-38 &
fwd.
Report
automatic report generation, 5-30
reports in Word, Appendix A
Rigid Body Motion Prevention, 4-35 &
fwd., 5-9, (see also Soft Spring)
Restraints, (see Fixtures)
SSa
fety Factor, 2-25 to 2-29
Section Clipping (See Clipping)
Sensor
defined, 8-8
applied to constraint, 8-14, 8-15
applied to optimization goal, 8-17
Shell Elements
converting solid to shell, 4-10 to 4-15
defined, I-5, 4-10
flip shell elements, 4-23
restraints, (see Fixture Type)
Shrink Fits
defined, 5-11
contact set, 5-12 & fwd.
Simulation Study tab, 3-17
SN-Curve, 10-6
Soft Spring
general discussion, 2-34
supports, 3-45 & fwd., 5-41
SOLIDWORKS, user interface, I-13
SOLIDWORKS Simulation
add-ins window, I-20
dialogue box, I-23
icons, 2-3 & fwd.
property managers, I-23
user interface, I-13
Solution
introduced, 1-14
Sparse solver, 7-15, 7-16
Split Line
creating split lines, 2-9, 6-4
St. Venant’s Principle, 1-25, 4-3
Stiffness Method, I-1
Stress
adjust display parameters, 4-45 & fwd.
components X, Y, 1-17, 1-18, 3-12
high gradient, 7-21, 7-22
principal stress, 4-3, 4-24
safety factor, 2-25 to 2-28
set stress limit, 2-27
von Mises, defined, 2-18 & fwd.
von Mises, introduction, 2-16 & fwd
Stress Plot
add title and name, 1-20 & fwd., 3-8
boundary options, 3-9
create a copy, 3-12, 5-19, 5-21
fringe options, 1-20, 3-9
ISO clipping, 6-20
property manager, 1-19
probe option, 1-21, 4-25 to 4-27, 4-47 &
fwd.
section clipping, 4-48 & fwd.Analysis of Machine Elements Using SOLIDWORKS Simulation
Index-4
setting properties, 3-4
show max annotation, 3-9
Study
defined, 1-1
duplicate a Study, 3-18, 7-19
create a copy, 3-18
create new Study, 3-18, 3-19
initial study in design optimization, 8-
2n
aming, 1-4, 2-4, 3-2, 4-15, 5-3, 6-13,
7-2
property manager, 1-4
Suppress, 3-3 & fwd., 4-33, 5-6
Symmetry
cut model, 4-19, 4-30, 5-6, 6-10
circular symmetry, defined, 5-9
on flat faces, defined, 5-8
recognize model symmetry, 4-11, 4-30
roller/slider, defined 5-8, applied, 5-7
restraints, 4-16 to 4-20, (see Fixture Type)
use reference geometry, defined, 5-8,
applied 4-16, 4-19
Systems Options-General Tab, 4-4 to 4-9,
6-13
TT
angential Stress, 5-18
Thermal Stress, 11-1
Tetrahedral Element, I-3
Thick Wall Pressure Vessel, 4-32
Thin Wall Pressure Vessel, 4-1
Toolbars (SOLIDWORKS)
standard view, I-17
view, I-17
sketch, I-17
features, I-15
UU
nsuppress, 3-4, 4-12, 4-14, 4-33, 5-6
VV
ariable (design variable) defined, 8-7
Viewports (multiple), 3-30
von Mises Stress
defined, 2-18 & 2-19
introduced, 2-16
WW
arning/Error
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